A Brief History of Mexico City
Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital
According to legend, the Mexica founded Tenochtitlan in 1325 on an islet of Lake Texcoco, where they saw an eagle devouring a serpent atop a cactus, the symbol that appears today on the Mexican flag. The city grew into one of the largest in the world, with temples, causeways and chinampas. The Templo Mayor, now visitable in the Centro, was its ceremonial heart.
Conquest and colonial era
In 1521 the troops of Hernan Cortes, allied with rival peoples of the Mexica, took Tenochtitlan after a long siege. On its ruins rose the capital of New Spain, with the Metropolitan Cathedral built from stones of the demolished temples. For three centuries the city was the political and religious center of the viceroyalty, leaving a baroque legacy that still defines the historic center.
From independence to megalopolis
After independence in 1821, the city became the capital of modern Mexico and the stage for revolutions, reforms and explosive growth. In the twentieth century the lake dried up and the city expanded into one of the most populous metropolitan areas on the planet. Today Mexico City blends pre-Hispanic remains, colonial palaces and contemporary architecture in a unique mosaic best discovered with a local guide.
Frequently Asked Questions
When was Mexico City founded?
As Tenochtitlan in 1325 by the Mexica, on an islet of Lake Texcoco.
Where can I see Aztec remains in Mexico City?
At the Templo Mayor next to the Zocalo, and at the National Museum of Anthropology.
Why is Mexico City sinking?
Because it was built on a drained lake and the soft ground compacts as water is extracted.